Indlela esisiseko yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ukwahlula, ukususa nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezingcolisa ilindle namanzi amdaka, okanye ukuziguqula zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi zokucoca amanzi.
Zininzi iindlela zokunyanga ilindle, ezinokuthi ngokubanzi zihlelwe ngokweendidi ezine, ezizezi, unyango lwebhayoloji, unyango lomzimba, unyango lwemichiza kunye nonyango lwendalo.
1. Unyango lwebhayoloji
Ngokusebenzisa i-metabolism ye-microorganisms, ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo ngendlela yezisombululo, i-colloids kunye nokumiswa okulungileyo kumanzi amdaka aguqulwa abe zizinto ezizinzileyo nezingenabungozi. Ngokwee-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo, unyango lwebhayoloji lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini: unyango lwebhayoloji ye-aerobic kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji ye-anaerobic.
Indlela yonyango yebhayoloji ye-aerobic isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwebhayoloji lwamanzi amdaka. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo, indlela yonyango yebhayoloji ye-aerobic yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: indlela yodaka olusebenzayo kunye nendlela ye-biofilm. Inkqubo ye-sludge esebenzayo ngokwayo iyunithi yonyango, ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Izixhobo zonyango zendlela ye-biofilm ziquka i-biofilter, i-biological turntable, i-biological contact oxidation tank kunye nebhedi ye-biological fluidized, njl. Unyango lwebhayoloji yeAnaerobic, ekwaziwa njengonyango lokunciphisa ibhayoloji, lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyanga amanzi amdaka axubeneyo aphezulu kunye nodaka.
2. Unyango lomzimba
Iindlela zokwahlula kunye nokubuyisela ungcoliseko olumisiweyo olunganyibilikiyo (kubandakanya ifilimu yeoli kunye namathontsi e-oyile) kumanzi amdaka ngentshukumo yomzimba inokwahlulwa ngendlela yokwahlula umxhuzulane, indlela yokwahlula i-centrifugal kunye nendlela yokugcinwa kwesefo. Iiyunithi zonyango ezizendlela yokwahlukana komxhuzulane zibandakanya ukuchithwa, ukudada (ukuhamba emoyeni), njl. ukuhlukana kwe-centrifugal ngokwayo luhlobo lweyunithi yonyango, izixhobo zokucubungula ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka i-centrifuge kunye ne-hydrocyclone, njl.; indlela yogcino lwesikrini ineeyunithi ezimbini zokusetyenzwa: ugcino lwesikrini segridi kunye nohluzo. Owokuqala usebenzisa iigridi kunye nezikrini, ngelixa lo mva usebenzisa iiFilters zesanti kunye nezihlungi ze-microporous, njl. Indlela yonyango esekelwe kumgaqo wokutshintshiselana kobushushu nayo yindlela yonyango lomzimba, kwaye iiyunithi zayo zonyango ziquka ukukhupha kunye ne-crystallization.
3. Unyango lwemichiza
Indlela yokucoca amanzi amdaka eyahlula kwaye isuse izingcolisi ezinyityilisiweyo kunye ne-colloidal kumanzi amdaka okanye aziguqule zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi ngokusabela kweekhemikhali kunye nokuhanjiswa kobuninzi. Kwindlela yonyango lweekhemikhali, iiyunithi zokucubungula ezisekelwe kwi-chemical reaction of dosing are: coagulation, neutralization, redox, njl.; ngelixa iiyunithi zokucubungula ezisekelwe ekudlulisweni kobuninzi zezi: ukutsalwa, ukuhluthwa, ukuhluthwa, i-adsorption, i-ion exchange, i-electrodialysis kunye ne-osmosis eguquguqukayo, njl. Phakathi kwabo, iyunithi yonyango esebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kobuninzi inezo zombini intshukumo yekhemikhali kunye nentshukumo yomzimba ehambelanayo, ngoko inokwahlulwa kwindlela yonyango lwekhemikhali kwaye ibe lolunye uhlobo lwendlela yonyango, ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yemichiza yomzimba.
umfanekiso
Inkqubo yokucoca ugutyulo oluqhelekileyo
1. Ukunciphisa amanzi amdaka
Iimpawu zongcoliseko ezifana nomxholo we-oyile, i-CODcr kunye ne-BOD5 kulwelo lwenkunkuma eyohliswayo ziphezulu kakhulu. Iindlela zonyango ziquka ukukhutshwa kwe-asidi, i-centrifugation okanye i-solvent extraction. Indlela yokutsalwa kwe-asidi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, idibanisa i-H2SO4 ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH ukuya kwi-3-4 ye-demulsification, ukutshisa kunye nokuxubha ngetyuwa, kunye nokuma kwi-45-60 t ye-2-4 h, i-oyile idada ngokuthe ngcembe ukwenza igrisi. umaleko. Ukubuyiswa kwegrisi kunokufikelela kwi-96%, kwaye ukususwa kweCODcr kungaphezulu kwe-92%. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxinwa kweoli kwi-inlet yamanzi yi-8-10g / L, kwaye ukuxinwa kweoli kwi-outlet yamanzi kungaphantsi kwe-0.1 g / L. I-oyile efunyenweyo iyacutshungulwa ngakumbi kwaye iguqulelwe kwiiasidi ezinamafutha axutyiweyo anokuthi asetyenziswe ukwenza isepha.
2. Ukugalela amanzi amdaka kunye nokususwa kweenwele
Amanzi amdaka okugalelwa kunye nokususwa kweenwele aneprotheyini, ikalika, i-sodium sulfide, izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo, i-28% yeCODcr iyonke, i-92% ye-S2-, kunye ne-75% ye-SS iyonke. Iindlela zonyango ziquka i-asidi, imvula yeekhemikhali kunye ne-oxidation.
Indlela ye-acidification isoloko isetyenziswa kwimveliso. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo olubi, yongeza i-H2SO4 ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH kwi-4-4.5, uvelise igesi ye-H2S, uyifake ngesisombululo se-NaOH, kwaye uvelise i-alkali e-sulfurized ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. Iprotheyini enyibilikayo efumaneka emanzini amdaka iyahluzwa, ihlanjwe, yomiswe. ibe yimveliso. Izinga lokususwa kwe-sulfide linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%, kwaye i-CODcr kunye ne-SS iyancipha nge-85% kunye ne-95% ngokulandelanayo. Ixabiso layo liphantsi, ukusebenza kwemveliso kulula, kulula ukulawula, kwaye umjikelezo wemveliso ufinyeziwe.
3. Amanzi amdaka e-Chrome
Ungcoliseko oluphambili lwamanzi amdaka olwethuko lwe-chrome sisinyithi esinzima i-Cr3+, ubunzima boxinzelelo malunga ne-3-4g/L, kwaye ixabiso le-pH libuthathaka. Iindlela zonyango ziquka imvula yealkali kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo. I-90% ye-tanneries yasekhaya isebenzisa indlela ye-alkali yemvula, ukongeza i-lime, i-sodium hydroxide, i-magnesium oxide, njl. .
Ngethuba lokuphendula, ixabiso le-pH liyi-8.2-8.5, kwaye imvula ingcono kakhulu kwi-40 ° C. I-alkali precipitant yi-magnesium oxide, izinga lokubuyisela i-chromium yi-99%, kwaye ubunzima be-chromium kumanzi amdaka bungaphantsi kwe-1 mg/L. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ifanelekile kwii-tanneries ezinkulu, kwaye ukungcola okufana neoli e-soluble kunye neprotheyini kudaka lwe-chrome olusetyenzisiweyo luya kuchaphazela umphumo wokutshisa.
4. Amanzi amdaka abanzi
4.1. Inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili: Ibandakanya ikakhulu amaziko onyango afana negrille, itanki yokulawula, itanki yentlenga kunye netanki yokudada emoyeni. Ukuxinana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kumanzi amdaka enziwe ngesikhumba aphezulu. Inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa umthamo wamanzi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi; susa i-SS kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo; ukunciphisa inxalenye yomthwalo wongcoliseko kunye nokudala iimeko ezilungileyo zonyango lwebhayoloji olulandelayo.
4.2. Inkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji: ρ(CODcr) amanzi amdaka enziwe ngesikhumba ngokubanzi yi-3000-4000 mg/L, ρ(BOD5) yi-1000-2000mg/L, engawamanzi amdaka adityanisiweyo aphezulu, m(BOD5)/m(CODcr) ixabiso I-0.3-0.6, efanelekileyo kunyango lwe-biological. Okwangoku, umsele we-oxidation, i-SBR kunye ne-biological contact oxidation isetyenziswa kakhulu e-China, ngelixa i-jet aeration, i-batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), ibhedi edibeneyo kunye ne-upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB).
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2023
